Hospitalization and mortality rates of malignant prostatic neoplasms in Brazil: A cross-sectional study from 2008 to 2018

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent condition among men worldwide, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased costs to health systems due to hospitalization and death. This study aimed to explore and understand the evolution of PCa in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Data were obtained from the National Health System Department of Informatics (DATASUS) using code C61 for malignant prostatic neoplasms. We presented the hospitalization and mortality rates in a temporal-, regional- and age-dependent manner. From 2008 to 2018, a year-dependent increase in hospital admissions due to PCa was reported in Brazil, in which the Southeast region showed the highest prevalence. Men aged ≥80 and those 70-79 years old had similar hospitalization rates, followed by men aged 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. Similarly, an increase in deaths due to PCa was reported during this period, with the highest rates seen in the Southeast. Men aged ≥80 years had higher mortality rates, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. The results obtained indicate an age- and region-dependent increase in PCa morbidity and mortality in Brazil overtime and may contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role and future perspective of the health care system in Brazil.

Aging-associated prostate smooth muscle hypercontractility in rats

Abstract Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a multifactorial disease, highly associated with aging and characterized by increased prostate smooth muscle (PSM) contractility. Animal models have been employed to explore the aging-associated PSM hypercontractility; however, studies have focused in old animals, neglecting the initial alterations in early ages. The determination of prostatic dysfunctions onset is crucial to understand the BPH pathophysiology and to propose new BPH treatments. Considering that PSM contractility in 10-month-old rats has already been explored, the aim of the present study was to characterize the PSM contractility in younger rats. Male Wistar control (3.5-month-old), 6- and 8-month-old rats were used. Concentration-response curves to phenylephrine and electrical-field stimulation (EFS) were conducted in prostate from all groups. For the first time, we showed that 6- and 8-month-old rats exhibit PSM hypercontractility. The increased prostate contractility to phenylephrine starts around at 6-month-old, worsening during the aging. The 8-month-old rats exhibited hypercontractility to phenylephrine and EFS compared to the control and 6-month-old groups. Reduced phenylephrine potency was observed in 8-month-old rats, indicating an increased age-dependent prostate sensibility to this agonist. Collectively, our findings support the use of 6- and 8-month-old aged rats as new models to explore prostate hypercontractility in BPH.

Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares em um hospital geral / Perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de pacientes con trastornos cardiovasculares en un hospital general / Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with cardiovascular disorders in a general hospital

Objetivo: traçar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo, com amostra por conveniência de 50 pacientes com doenças cardiovascular, internados nos serviços de cardiologia e neurologia de hospital de Curitiba, Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento estruturado de junho de 2018 a janeiro de 2019 e analisado por estatística descritiva. Resultados: verificou-se que 68% dos participantes eram homens, 84% com idade entre 51 e 60 anos, 58% brancos, 78% procedentes de Curitiba e região, 52% com baixa escolaridade. Observou-se que 58% não praticavam atividade física, 52% eram tabagistas; 40% afirmaram ingerir bebida alcoólica, 58% com renda familiar de até um salário mínimo. Dos participantes 58% tinham antecedentes familiares de alterações cardiovasculares, 84% eram hipertensos, 78% faziam uso de polifarmácia. Conclusão: o perfil dos pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares está caracterizado pela falta de hábitos saudáveis dos participantes, hipertensão e fragilidade social.(AU)

Objective: to delineate the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with cardiovascular disorders. Method: observational, descriptive study with 50 patients with cardiovascular diseases, admitted to the cardiology and neurology services of hospital, in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected with structured instrument from June 2018 to January 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: it was found that 68% of the participants were men, 84% aged 51 to 60 years, 58% white, 78% from local region, 52% with low education. It was observed that 58% did not practice physical activity, 52% were smokers; 40% said they drink alcohol, 58% reported having a family income of up to one minimum wage. Of the participants, 58% had a family history of cardiovascular disorders, 84% were hypertensive, 78% used polypharmacy. Conclusion: the profile of patients with cardiovascular disorders is characterized by the participants' lack of healthy habits, hypertension and social fragility.(AU)

Objetivo: delinear el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de pacientes con trastornos cardiovasculares. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo con 50 pacientes con trastornos cardiovasculares, ingresados en los servicios de cardiología y neurología de un hospital en Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Los datos se recopilaron con instrumento estructurado desde junio de 2018 hasta enero de 2019 y se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptiva. Resultados: 68% de los participantes eran hombres, 84% de edades entre 51 y 60 años, 58% blancos, 78% de la región local, 52% con baja educación. El 58% no practicaba actividad física, el 52% eran fumadores; el 40% bebían alcohol, el 58% informó tener renta familiar de hasta un salario mínimo. De los participantes, 58% tenían antecedentes familiares de alteraciones cardiovasculares, 84% eran hipertensos, 78% usaban polifarmacia. Conclusión: el perfil de los pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares se caracteriza por la falta de hábitos saludables de los participantes, hipertensión y fragilidad social.(AU)

Functional groups of entomofauna associated to aquatic macrophytes in Correntoso river, Rio Negro sub-region, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil / Grupos funcionais da entomofauna associada às macrofitas aquaticas no rio Correntoso, Pantanal do Negro, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

This work aimed to study the structure of functional groups of entomofauna associated to aquatic macrophytes in Correntoso river, Rio Negro sub-region, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Six samples were taken in different seasonal periods; ebb, dry and wet. The organisms were collected using D net (300 µm mesh), sweeping five times through the roots of macrophyte banks at each sample session. Three environments were compared (open, intermediary, close) using data from six collection sites, through which were analyzed absolute abundance, observed richness of families and the sampled specimens were also separated in functional groups. A total of 60 families from 12 orders of Insecta were registered, totaling 19,773 sampled insects. The largest number of families was categorized into predators functional group, with 34 families collected, followed by the collectors with 17, shredders-herbivores ten and scrapers eight.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a estrutura dos grupos funcionais da entomofauna associada às macrófitas aquáticas em um trecho do rio Correntoso, Pantanal do Negro, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram realizadas seis campanhas de coleta em diferentes períodos sazonais: vazante, seca e cheia. Os organismos foram coletados utilizando rede D com malha de 300 µm e esforço amostral de cinco lances de rede nas raízes dos bancos de macrófitas. Foram comparados três ambientes (aberto, intermediário e fechado), por junção dos dados obtidos de seis sítios de coleta. Foi analisada a abundância absoluta, a riqueza observada de famílias e realizada a separação dos insetos coletados por grupos funcionais. Foram registradas 60 famílias pertencentes a doze ordens da Classe Insecta (Hexapoda), totalizando 19.773 indivíduos coletados. O maior número de famílias foi categorizada ao grupo funcional dos predadores com 34 famílias coletadas, seguido dos coletores 17, fragmentadores-herbívoros dez e raspadores oito.

Índices bióticos para avaliação da qualidade ambiental em trechos do rio Correntoso, Pantanal do Negro, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Biotic indexes for the evaluation of environmental quality in stretches of the Correntoso river, Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a estrutura da comunidade de insetos aquáticos, utilizando esta comunidade como indicadora da qualidade ambiental de um trecho do rio Correntoso, Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram realizadas seis campanhas de coleta em diferentes períodos sazonais: vazante, seca e cheia. Os organismos foram coletados utilizando rede D com malha de 300 m e esforço amostral de cinco lances de rede nas raízes dos bancos de macrófitas. Foram comparados três ambientes (aberto, intermediário e fechado), por junção dos dados obtidos de seis sítios de coleta. Foi analisada a riqueza, abundância absoluta e relativa das famílias de insetos amostrados e a avaliação da qualidade da água usando o índice BMWP, índice BMWP-ASPT, índice IBF e índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wienner, com log2. Foram registradas 60 famílias pertencentes a 12 ordens da Classe Insecta, totalizando 19.773 indivíduos coletados. Entre os índices aplicados, o índice BMWP foi o que melhor representou as condições do ambiente estudado.

This work aimed to research the aquatic insect community structure using this community as a bioindicator of the environmental quality in a stretch of the Correntoso river, in Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Six collections were taken in different seasonal periods; ebb, dry and wet. The organisms were collected using a 300 m mesh D net sweeping five times through the roots of macrophyte banks at each sample. Three environments were compared (open, intermediary, closed) by adding the information from six collection sites. Family richness, absolute and relative abundance of insect samples and an evaluation of water quality were analyzed by using the BMWP index, BMWP-ASPT index, IBF index and Shannon diversity index, with log2. A total of 60 families from 12 orders of Insecta Class were recorded, totaling 19,773 individuals. Among the indexes applied, the BMWP index was the one that best represented the conditions of the studied environment.

Administração de BAY 41-2272 previne disfunção vesical em ratos deficientes de oxido nítrico / Administration of BAY 41-2272 prevents bladder dysfunction in nitric-oxide deficient rats

Objective: to evaluate the protective effects of BAY 41-2272, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, on changes in cystometric parameters in rats deficient in nitric oxide (NO). Methods: Rats were divided into the following groups: (a) control; (b) DMSO; (c) L-NAME; (d) BAY 41-2272 alone; (e) L-NAME + BAY 41-2272. The NO synthase blocker L-NAME (20 mg/rat/day) was given in drinking water concomitantly or not with BAY 41-2272 (10 mg/kg/day, given by gavage). Results: Chronic L-NAME treatment markedly increased the mean arterial blood pressure, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 nearly reversed L-NAME-induced rise on mean arterial blood pressure. Non-void contractions were significantly increased in L-NAME group (0.90 ± 0.1 number/minute) compared with either DMSO or control group (0.49 ± 0.1 number/minute), which were prevented by co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 (0.56 ± 025 number/minute; p < 0.05). The threshold and peak pressure increased by 70 and 44%, respectively, after chronic L-NAME treatment, while co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 largely attenuated both effects (27 and 22% increase, respectively). The frequency of micturition cycles decreased by about of 50% in L-NAME-treated rats compared with control animals, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 normalized this parameter. Conclusions: Our data show that long-term oral administration of BAY 41-2272 counteracts the bladder dysfunction seen in NO-deficient rats, indicating that restoration of the NO-cGMP pathway by this compound may be of beneficial value to treat bladder symptoms.

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos protetores do BAY 41-2272, um ativador solúvel da guanilato ciclase, sobre alteração dos parâmetros citométricos em ratos deficientes de óxido nítrico (NO). Métodos: os ratos foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: (a) controle; (b) DMSO (c) L-NAME; (d) BAY 41-2272 isolado; (e) L-NAME + BAY 41-2272. O bloqueador da NO-sintase L-NAME (20 mg/rato/dia) foi ministrado na água de beber, concomitantemente ou não com o BAY 41-2272 (10 mg/kg/dia, ministrado por gavagem). Resultados: o tratamento crônico com L-NAME aumentou de forma acentuada a pressão arterial média, e o co-tratamento com BAY 41-2272 quase reverteu o aumento na pressão arterial média induzido por L-NAME. Contrações não esvaziadoras da bexiga mostraram-se significativamente aumentadas no grupo L-NAME (0,90 ± 0,1 número/minuto) comparadas com DMSO ou grupo controle (0,49 ± 0,1 número/minuto), que foram evitadas pelo co-tratamento com BAY 41-2272 (0,56 ± 0,25 número/minuto; p < 0,05). O limiar e o pico de pressão aumentaram em 70 e 44%, respectivamente, após o tratamento crônico com L-NAME, enquanto o co-tratamento com BAY 41-2272 atenuou muito ambos os efeitos (27 e 22% de aumento, respectivamente). A frequência de ciclos de micção diminuiu em 50% nos ratos tratados com L-NAME em comparação aos animais controle; o cotratamento com BAY 41-2272 normalizou esse parâmetro. Conclusões: nossos dados mostram que a administração oral a longo prazo de BAY 41-2272 contrapõe-se à disfunção de bexiga vista em ratos deficientes de NO, o que sugere que a restauração da via da NO-cGMP por esse composto pode ter valor benéfico para tratar sintomas vesicais.

Administration of BAY 41-2272 prevents bladder dysfunction in nitric-oxide deficient rats.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the protective effects of BAY 41-2272, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, on changes in cystometric parameters in rats deficient in nitric oxide (NO). METHODS: Rats were divided into the following groups: (a) control; (b) DMSO; (c) L-NAME; (d) BAY 41-2272 alone; (e) L-NAME + BAY 41-2272. The NO synthase blocker L-NAME (20 mg/rat/day) was given in drinking water concomitantly or not with BAY 41-2272 (10 mg/kg/day, given by gavage). RESULTS: Chronic L-NAME treatment markedly increased the mean arterial blood pressure, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 nearly reversed L-NAME-induced rise on mean arterial blood pressure. Non-void contractions were significantly increased in L-NAME group (0.90 ± 0.1 number/minute) compared with either DMSO or control group (0.49 ± 0.1 number/minute), which were prevented by co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 (0.56 ± 025 number/minute; p < 0.05). The threshold and peak pressure increased by 70 and 44%, respectively, after chronic L-NAME treatment, while co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 largely attenuated both effects (27 and 22% increase, respectively). The frequency of micturition cycles decreased by about of 50% in L-NAME-treated rats compared with control animals, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 normalized this parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that long-term oral administration of BAY 41-2272 counteracts the bladder dysfunction seen in NO-deficient rats, indicating that restoration of the NO-cGMP pathway by this compound may be of beneficial value to treat bladder symptoms.